The Genesis of the term “transhumanism” and its interpretation in scientific and philosophical discourse

Abstract

The article examines the history of the formation of the concept of “transhumanism” and its terminological consolidation in scientific and philosophical discourse. The author analyzes the fundamental ideas and views that gave rise to the transhumanist movement, in particular, attention is paid to Julian Huxley, who was the first to use the term transhumanism as a designation of a “new ideology” or “faith” for humanity in 1957. If transhumanism was initially understood as “evolutionary humanism”, the purpose of which was the desire of mankind for self-enhancement, then since the 1980s the concept of transhumanism has received a new reading and has become associated with the ideas of transforming human nature with the help of technology, going beyond the preservation of human identity. The article notes the multidisciplinary nature of modern transhumanism, which seeks to combine elements of nano-, bio-, info-, cognitive, socio-humanitarian technologies (NBICS-technology) aimed at a radical reconsideration and modification of the human essence. The modern transhumanist movement expresses a new humanistic worldview based on the belief in unlimited personal development of the individual and overcoming natural limitations through scientific and technological progress. The article emphasizes and substantiates the mechanistic and materialistic view of man in the anthropological model of transhumanism. Soft, utilitarian and radical approaches within the movement are distinguished, differing in the degree of determination in using technology to transform man and society.